Allusion as Verbal Violence in Plays of Pātoq and Goldune-Khānom by Ismail Khalaj

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor in Linguistics, University of Art, Tehran

2 Department of Performing Arts, University of Tehran

Abstract

Ismail Khalaj is one of the most prominent playwrights in Iran during the 1960s and 1970s. The most characteristic feature of his plays is the language, a language that emerges from the lives of the lower classes and plays a crucial role in his works. The dialogues of the characters in Khalaj's works are always filled with idioms and allusions specific to the lower classes, and they also exhibit a great deal of violence. In this context, an attempt has been made to examine two of Khalaj's plays, Pātoq and Goldune-Khānom, to identify linguistic allusions in the dialogues. Subsequently, relying on Jeanette Malkin's theory of verbal violence, these instances are analyzed as forms of verbal violence. The results indicate that the characters in these two plays use verbal violence to exert power over one another. To achieve this, they employ allusions in their language to intensify and exaggerate, which transforms these sarcastic expressions into verbal violence.

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Main Subjects

Linguistic Studies: Theory and Practice

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 22 March 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 09 February 2025
  • Revise Date: 21 March 2025
  • Accept Date: 22 March 2025

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